TY - JOUR AU - Balmford, A. AU - Whitten, T. PY - 2003 TI - Who should pay for tropical conservation, and how could the costs be met? SP - 238-250 JF - Oryx VL - 37 IS - 2 N1 - Who should pay for tropical conservation, and how could the costs be met? N1 - WOS:000184091500018 M3 - 10.1017/s003005303000413 ID - 54 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chomitz, K. M. AU - Alger, K. AU - Thomas, T. S. AU - Orlando, H. AU - Nova, P. V. PY - 2005 TI - Opportunity costs of conservation in a biodiversity hotspot: the case of southern Bahia SP - 293-312 JF - Environment and Development Economics VL - 10 N1 - Opportunity costs of conservation in a biodiversity hotspot: the case of southern Bahia N1 - WOS:000229898800003 N1 - 3 M3 - 10.1017/s1355770x05002081 ID - 62 ER - TY - GEN AU - Chomitz, Kenneth M.2000 TI - Evaluating carbon offsets from forestry and energy projects: how do they compare? ED - Group, World Bank Development Research N1 - Evaluating carbon offsets from forestry and energy projects: how do they compare? ID - 60 ER - TY - GEN AU - Chomitz, Kenneth M AU - Lecocq, Franck2003 TI - Temporary Sequestration Credits: An Instrument for Carbon Bears BT - World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3181, CY - World Bank N1 - Temporary Sequestration Credits: An Instrument for Carbon Bears ID - 63 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grieg-Gran, M. AU - Porras, I. AU - Wunder, S. PY - 2005 TI - How can market mechanisms for forest environmental services help the poor? Preliminary lessons from Latin America SP - 1511-1527 JF - World Development VL - 33 IS - 9 N1 - How can market mechanisms for forest environmental services help the poor? Preliminary lessons from Latin America N1 - WOS:000231830600009 M3 - 10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.05.002 ID - 78 ER - TY - GEN AU - Grieg-Gran, Maryanne2006 TI - The Cost of Avoiding Deforestation Report prepared for the Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change ED - Development, International Institute for Environment and N1 - The Cost of Avoiding Deforestation Report prepared for the Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change N2 - October 2006 ID - 79 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pagiola, S. AU - Agostini, P. AU - Gobbi, J. AU - de Haan, C. AU - Ibrahim, M. AU - Murgueitio, E. AU - Ramirez, E. AU - Rosales, M. AU - Ruiz, J. P. AU - Bt PY - 2005 TI - Paying for Biodiversity conservation services - Experience in Colombia, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua SP - 206-211 N1 - Aug JF - Mountain Research and Development JO - Mt. Res. Dev. VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0276-4741 N1 - Article N1 - Paying for Biodiversity conservation services - Experience in Colombia, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua N1 - ISI:000231995300003 N1 - 5 MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT N1 - English N2 - One of the most important reasons for the degradation of biodiversity, in mountain areas and elsewhere, is that the people who make land use decisions often receive few 0 or no benefits from. biodiversity conservation. Understandably, therefore; they generally ignore potential biodiversity benefits 6,0 when choosing land use practices. The end result-is that biodiversity is often lost, as are many other off-site benefits such as the regulation of hydrological flows. Efforts to enhance biodiversity conservation need to take account of the constraints faced by individual land users, who decide what practices to adopt on their land. Over the years, a variety of efforts have been made to boost the profitability of biodiversity-friendly practices for land users. with mixed results. A further approach, which has received increasing attention in recent years, is to provide direct payments for the provision of environmental services such as biodiversity conservation. The simple logic of Payments for Environmental Services (PES) is that compensating land users for the environmental,services a given land use provides, makes them more likely to choose that land use rather than another. The Regional Integrated Silvopastoral Ecosystem Management Project, which is being implemented by the World Bank with financing from the Global Environment Facility (GEF), is piloting the use of PES as a means of generating biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration services in watersheds at three sites in Colombia, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua. AD - World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Fdn CIPAV, Cali, Colombia. Univ Ctr Amer, Managua, Nicaragua. FAO, LEAD, I-00100 Rome, Italy. Pagiola, S, World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. spagiola@worldbank.org pagostini@worldbank.org jgobbi@catie.ac.cr cdehaan@worldbank.org mibrahim@catie.ac.cr Enrique.Murgueitio@cipav.org.co nitlactaf@ns.uca.edu.ni Mauricio.Rosales@fao.org jruiz@worldbank.org ID - 43 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pagiola, S. AU - Arcenas, A. AU - Platais, G. AU - Rk PY - 2005 TI - Can payments for environmental services help reduce poverty? An exploration of the issues and the evidence to date from Latin America SP - 237-253 N1 - Feb JF - World Development JO - World Dev. VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0305-750X N1 - Article N1 - Can payments for environmental services help reduce poverty? An exploration of the issues and the evidence to date from Latin America N1 - ISI:000227374000004 N1 - 47 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD N1 - English KW - payments for environmental services; poverty; conservation; market-based mechanisms ALLEVIATION; ADOPTION N2 - This paper examines the main ways in which Payments for Environmental Services (PES) might affect poverty. PES may reduce poverty mainly by making payments to poor natural resource managers in upper watersheds. The extent of the impact depends on how many PES participants are in fact poor, on the poor's ability to participate, and on the amounts paid. Although PES programs are not designed for poverty reduction, there can be important synergies when program design is well thought out and local conditions are favorable. Possible adverse effects can occur where property rights are insecure or if PES programs encourage less labor-intensive practices. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. AD - World Bank, Washington, DC USA. Pagiola, S, World Bank, Washington, DC USA. ID - 44 ER -