TY - JOUR
PY - 2007
TI - Climate panel ties renewables' future to carbon markets
SP - 40
JF - Energy economist /
IS - 308
SN - 0262-7108
N1 - Climate panel ties renewables' future to carbon markets
N1 - 10907649
ID - 36
ER -
TY - BOOK
AU - Bayon, Ricardo
AU - Forest, Trends
PY - 2004
BT - Making environmental markets work lessons from early experience with sulfur, carbon, wetlands, and other related markets
CY - [Washington, D.C.]
PB - Forest Trends
N1 - Making environmental markets work lessons from early experience with sulfur, carbon, wetlands, and other related markets
N1 - 62841938
N1 - (Organization)
ID - 5
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - B©oehringer, C.
AU - Hoffmann, T.
AU - Manrique-de-Lara-Pe©late, C.
PY - 2006
TI - The efficiency costs of separating carbon markets under the EU emissions trading scheme: A quantitative assessment for Germany
SP - 44-61
JF - Energy economics.
VL - 28
IS - 1
SN - 0140-9883
N1 - The efficiency costs of separating carbon markets under the EU emissions trading scheme: A quantitative assessment for Germany
N1 - 4802525
ID - 31
ER -
TY - BOOK
AU - Carlén, Björn
AU - Change, M. I. T. Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global
PY - 2002
BT - Exclusionary manipulation of carbon permit markets a laboratory test
CY - Cambridge, MA
PB - MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change
N1 - Exclusionary manipulation of carbon permit markets a laboratory test
N1 - 52187777
N2 - The experiment reported here tests the case of so-called exclusionary manipulation of emission permit markets, i.e., when a dominant firm 7 here a monopolist 7 increases its holding of permits in order to raise its rivals' costs and thereby gain more on a product market. Earlier studies have claimed that this type of market manipulation is likely to substantially reduce the social gains of permit trading and even result in negative gains. The experiment designed here parallels institutional and informational conditions likely to hold in real trade with carbon permits among electricity producers. Although the dominant firm withheld supply from the electricity market, the outcome seems to reject the theory of exclusionary manipulation. In later trading periods, closing prices on both markets, permit holdings and total electricity production are near competitive levels. Social gains of emissions trading are higher than in earlier studies.
ID - 28
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - Chakravarthy, C.
AU - Rhoads, J.
PY - 2007
TI - Trading on Carbon: How Markets Will Save the World
SP - 38-45
JF - Public utilities fortnightly
VL - 145
IS - 1
SN - 0033-3808
N1 - Trading on Carbon: How Markets Will Save the World
N1 - 25734912
ID - 11
ER -
TY - BOOK
AU - Chichilnisky, Graciela
AU - Heal, G. M.
PY - 2000
BT - Environmental markets equity and efficiency
CY - New York
PB - Columbia University Press
T3 - Economics for a sustainable earth series
N1 - Environmental markets equity and efficiency
SN - 0231115881 9780231115889 023111589X 9780231115896
N1 - 42027405
ID - 29
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - Donan, Samuel
PY - 2007
TI - Renewable Finance Focus - Emerging Markets Renewables: Tariffs or trading? Many emerging markets renewables developers struggle to access economic electricity tariffs and workable debt financing. Carbon finance, once hailed as the lynchpin, is still an afterthought
SP - 52
JF - Project finance.
SN - 1462-0014
N1 - Renewable Finance Focus - Emerging Markets Renewables: Tariffs or trading? Many emerging markets renewables developers struggle to access economic electricity tariffs and workable debt financing. Carbon finance, once hailed as the lynchpin, is still an afterthought
N1 - 38092841
ID - 20
ER -
TY - BOOK
AU - Feng, Hongli
AU - Zhao, Jinhua
AU - Kling, Catherine L.
PY - 2000
BT - Towards implementing carbon markets in agriculture
CY - Ames, Iowa
PB - Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Iowa State University
N1 - Towards implementing carbon markets in agriculture
N1 - 50016269
ID - 16
ER -
TY - THES
AU - Hart, Craig A.
AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Political, Science
PY - 2007
TI - The private sector's capacity to manage climate risks and finance carbon neutral energy infrastructure
N1 - The private sector's capacity to manage climate risks and finance carbon neutral energy infrastructure
N1 - 156915314
N2 - This dissertation examines the financial aspects of climate change relating to the private sector's capacity to manage climate risks and finance carbon neutral energy infrastructure. The dissertation examines (a) potential risks posed by climate change to private sector investment in critical infrastructure, (b) the potential effectiveness of standard private contractual methods for mitigating risks posed by climate change, (c) the capacity of private capital markets to finance carbon neutral energy infrastructure, and (d) the potential for market failure in developing carbon neutral energy infrastructure. The dissertation first identifies climate risks to infrastructure by examining scientific evidence concerning climate change from studies and atmospheric models. Based on this data, it modifies a framework widely used by practitioners in the finance field for purposes of evaluating financial risks in infrastructure projects. Using the modified risk assessment framework, the dissertation identifies financial risks posed by climate change to financing and developing infrastructure. The dissertation then assesses whether these climate risks can be mitigated and managed by employing private contractual methods typically used in infrastructure finance, such as insurance, derivatives, and carbon offsets. (cont.) Each contract is evaluated based on the following six criteria: (a) scope of risk covered, (b) geographic coverage, (c) contract duration, (d) availability, (e) price, and (f) market capacity. Based on these criteria, the potential for these private contractual methods to address long-term climate change risks is assessed. The evaluation of climate risk and methods to address these risks are similar to the identification, allocation, and mitigation of risks that is commonly preformed by banks and project sponsors in order to evaluate the risks of an infrastructure investment. The conclusion of the dissertation's analysis is that climate risks will pose fundamental problems for infrastructure finance, including that no party may be best positioned to accept and mitigate climate risks, and that private contractual methods typically used by the private sector will be inadequate to address climate risks in a comprehensive and cost-effective manner. If this is true, climate risks should reduce the private sector's willingness or ability to invest in or develop infrastructure. The risk assessment analysis will be supplemented by three case studies focusing on different financial aspects of climate change in sectors of the economy that are critical to developing carbon neutral energy infrastructure: (cont.) (i) the capacity of capital markets to supply adequate investment capital to develop a portfolio of carbon neutral electricity infrastructure providing 10-15 TW of power within a 50-year period, (ii) the financial effects of increasingly intense storms on the electric utility industry in the Eastern United States from 1990 to 2005, and (iii) the financial effects of the increasing frequency and intensity of natural catastrophic events on the insurance industry from the 1970's to 2005, especially in connection with underwriting risks for energy infrastructure. The research is supported by a survey of the insurance, derivatives, banking, and energy industries with respect to their use of private contractual risk management methods and an examination of the models used to price these contractual instruments. This dissertation is intended to contribute to economic and policy literature concerning climate change by providing an analysis of how the financial aspects of climate change might influence the capacity and willingness of the private sector to invest in carbon neutral energy infrastructure.
ID - 21
ER -
TY - BOOK
AU - Haynes, Richard W.
AU - Alig, Ralph J.
AU - Moore, Eric
AU - Pacific Northwest Research, Station
AU - United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Climate Change, Division
PY - 1994
BT - Alternative simulations of forestry scenarios involving carbon sequestration options investigation of impacts on regional and national timber markets
CY - Portland, Or. (333 S.W. First Ave., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208-3890); [Washington, D.C.?]
PB - U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station ; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation, Climate Change Division
N1 - Alternative simulations of forestry scenarios involving carbon sequestration options investigation of impacts on regional and national timber markets
N1 - 31692664
N1 - (Portland, Or.)
ID - 42
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - House, C.
PY - 2005
TI - Climate Change 2005: Emerging Carbon Markets
SP - 1110-1112
JF - Energy & environment.
VL - 16
IS - 6
SN - 0958-305X
N1 - Climate Change 2005: Emerging Carbon Markets
N1 - 21187549
ID - 40
ER -
TY - THES
AU - Knutson, Gary Lee
PY - 1967
TI - A study of the structure and market conduct of North Dakota livestock auction markets
N1 - A study of the structure and market conduct of North Dakota livestock auction markets
N1 - 10178060
ID - 18
ER -
TY - BOOK
AU - Labatt, Sonia
AU - White, Rodney R.
PY - 2007
BT - Carbon finance the financial implications of climate change
CY - Hoboken, N.J.
PB - John Wiley & Sons
N1 - Carbon finance the financial implications of climate change
SN - 9780471794677 0471794678
N1 - 72655594
ID - 41
ER -
TY - BOOK
AU - Mehta, Leeya
PY - 2006
BT - Designing a market the sulfur dioxide emissions market and policy, 2000-2003
N1 - Designing a market the sulfur dioxide emissions market and policy, 2000-2003
N1 - 70685412
N2 - The market for Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) emissions was created in 1995 using bold regulatory tools and operates in a complex system of energy and electric utility markets. The success of this program to reduce pollutants like SO2 led to plans to adopt similar programs for international regulation of greenhouse gases like Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Studying the best practice design of the market for SO2 can help in planning such new markets. This paper show that once the SO2 market was designed and became functional, the regulatory process that put it into motion did not always go uncontested. The contesting of the regulatory regime by policy makers, and even the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), led to periods where the future design of the market was unclear. The aim of this paper is to measure this lack of clarity and its effect on SO2 allowance prices. While this paper attempts to measure this policy effect in the SO2 market, it also recommends that policy makers be aware of this effect so that they plan their policies systematically and with longer term agendas. Testing the effect of policy change on the level and volatility of Sulfur Dioxide allowance prices can better our understanding of the sensitivity of this market to changes in regulation, policy and legislative announcements. The period under study is September 2000 to January 2003. During this period the paper attempts to ask the question: Did policy, regulation and legislation affect price change and price volatility in the market for Sulfur Dioxide? The coding of these policy variables involved a systematic process of reading hundreds of policy announcements and news pages, thus constructing an uncertainty variable which reflected different degrees of uncertainty these announcements generated. The paper attempts to test the hypothesis that regulatory uncertainty increases volatility. The models estimated - both time-trended OLS and Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) models found that though most of the change in SO2 prices is due to market forces, like the price of coal and natural gas, uncertainty in the regulatory regime and the politics of pollution are also significant.
ID - 34
ER -
TY - BOOK
AU - Milunovich, George
AU - Joyeux, Roselyne
AU - Macquarie University. Dept. of, Economics
PY - 2007
BT - Testing market efficiency and price discovery in European carbon markets
CY - Sydney
PB - Dept. of Economics, Macquarie University
N1 - Testing market efficiency and price discovery in European carbon markets
N1 - 174071438
ID - 17
ER -
TY - BOOK
AU - Pagiola, Stefano
AU - Bishop, Joshua
AU - Landell-Mills, Natasha
PY - 2002
BT - Selling forest environmental services market-based mechanisms for conservation and development
CY - London; Sterling, VA
PB - Earthscan Publications
N1 - Selling forest environmental services market-based mechanisms for conservation and development
SN - 1853838896 9781853838897 1853838888 9781853838880
N1 - 50004762
ID - 19
ER -
TY - BOOK
AU - Pershing, Jonathan
AU - World Resources Institute. Climate, Energy and Pollution Program
AU - Ottawa Ministerial, Roundtable
PY - 2005
BT - Elements of a future system markets, technology and engagement
CY - [Washington, D.C.]
PB - Climate, Energy and Pollution Program, World Resources Institute
N1 - Elements of a future system markets, technology and engagement
N1 - 66026558
ID - 30
ER -
TY - THES
AU - Richardson, Jerri Jo
PY - 2005
TI - Current trends and structure of the carbon market and the potential economic benefits to Idaho dairy producers from participation in emission reduction markets
N1 - Current trends and structure of the carbon market and the potential economic benefits to Idaho dairy producers from participation in emission reduction markets
N1 - 71332246
ID - 35
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - Sandor, R.
AU - Walsh, M.
AU - Marques, R.
PY - 2002
TI - Greenhouse-gas-trading markets
SP - 1889-900
JF - Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
VL - 360
IS - 1797
SN - 1364-503X
N1 - Greenhouse-gas-trading markets
N1 - 111070674
N2 - This paper summarizes the extension of new market mechanisms for environmental services, explains of the importance of generating price information indicative of the cost of mitigating greenhouse gases (GHGs) and presents the rationale and objectives for pilot GHG-trading markets. It also describes the steps being taken to define and launch pilot carbon markets in North America and Europe and reviews the key issues related to incorporating carbon sequestration into an emissions-trading market. There is an emerging consensus to employ market mechanisms to help address the threat of human-induced climate changes. Carbon-trading markets are now in development around the world. A UK market is set to launch in 2002, and the European Commission has called for a 2005 launch of an European Union (EU)-wide market, and a voluntary carbon market is now in formation in North America. These markets represent an initial step in resolving a fundamental problem in defining and implementing appropriate policy actions to address climate change. Policymakers currently suffer from two major information gaps: the economic value of potential damages arising from climate changes are highly uncertain, and there is a lack of reliable information on the cost of mitigating GHGs. These twin gaps significantly reduce the quality of the climate policy debate. The Chicago Climate Exchange, for which the authors serve as lead designers, is intended to provide an organized carbon-trading market involving energy, industry and carbon sequestration in forests and farms. Trading among these diverse sectors will provide price discovery that will help clarify the cost of combating climate change when a wide range of mitigation options is employed. By closing the information gap on mitigation costs, society and policymakers will be far better prepared to identify and implement optimal policies for managing the risks associated with climate change. Establishment of practical experience in providing tradeable credits for carbon-absorbing land-use practices, especially reforestation and conservation management of agricultural soils, will also help demonstrate the viability of a new tool for financing activities that improve water quality, support biodiversity and constitute important elements of long-term sustainability in land-use management.
ID - 26
ER -
TY - BOOK
AU - Scherr, Sara J.
AU - White, Andy
AU - Khare, Arvind
AU - International Tropical Timber, Organization
PY - 2004
BT - For services rendered the current status and future potential of markets for the ecosystem services provided by tropical forests
CY - Yokohama, Japan
PB - International Tropical Timber Organization
N1 - For services rendered the current status and future potential of markets for the ecosystem services provided by tropical forests
SN - 4902045109 9784902045109
N1 - 56959594
ID - 27
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - Smith, James E.
AU - Heath, Linda S.
AU - Woodbury, Peter B.
PY - 2004
TI - How to Estimate Forest Carbon for Large Areas from Inventory Data - Forests remove large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere -- But how much? Forest managers looking ahead to markets for carbon emissions offsets may want to start estimating their "pools" and begin developing the necessary data to fine-tune their calculations
SP - 25
JF - Journal of forestry.
VL - 102
IS - 5
SN - 0022-1201
N1 - How to Estimate Forest Carbon for Large Areas from Inventory Data - Forests remove large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere -- But how much? Forest managers looking ahead to markets for carbon emissions offsets may want to start estimating their "pools" and begin developing the necessary data to fine-tune their calculations
N1 - 1782263
ID - 24
ER -
TY - BOOK
AU - Smith, Joyotee
PY - 1999
BT - Harnessing carbon markets for tropical forest conservation towards a more realistic assessment
CY - Jakarta
PB - CIFOR
N1 - Harnessing carbon markets for tropical forest conservation towards a more realistic assessment
N1 - 48254361
ID - 25
ER -
TY - JOUR
AU - Stainback, G. A.
AU - Alavalapati, J. R. R.
PY - 2005
TI - Effects of Carbon Markets on the Optimal Management of Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii) Plantations
SP - 27
JF - Southern journal of applied forestry.
VL - 29
IS - 1
SN - 0148-4419
N1 - Effects of Carbon Markets on the Optimal Management of Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii) Plantations
N1 - 3338121
ID - 32
ER -
TY - BOOK
AU - Stern, N. H.
AU - Great Britain, Treasury
PY - 2007
BT - The economics of climate change the Stern review
CY - Cambridge, UK; New York
PB - Cambridge University Press
N1 - The economics of climate change the Stern review
SN - 9780521700801 0521700809
N1 - 78555140
ID - 33
ER -
TY - BOOK
AU - Yamin, Farhana
PY - 2004
BT - Climate change and carbon markets a handbook of emissions reduction mechanisms
CY - London
PB - Earthscan
N1 - Climate change and carbon markets a handbook of emissions reduction mechanisms
SN - 1844071634 9781844071630
N1 - 56873926
ID - 39
ER -